? Python Math Module

⚡ Quick Overview

The math module in Python provides access to many common mathematical functions and constants like pi, e, trigonometric functions, logarithms, rounding helpers, and more. It is ideal for scientific calculations, geometry, statistics, and any program that needs precise math.

To use it, you must first import it: import math

? Key Concepts

• Import the module once using import math.
• Access constants like math.pi and math.e.
• Use trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan) with angles in radians.
• Work with exponentials and logarithms using exp, log, and log10.
• Round numbers with ceil, floor, and get absolute values with fabs.
• Perform basic math operations like sum, product, square root using fsum, prod, sqrt.
• Convert between degrees and radians with radians and degrees.
• Use special helpers like factorial, gcd, isfinite, isinf, and isnan.

? Syntax and Usage

Basic import and usage pattern:

import math

# syntax: math.function_name(arguments)
result = math.sqrt(25)
print(result)

Every function and constant in this module is accessed using the math. prefix, which clearly shows it comes from the math library and avoids name clashes with your own variables.

? Code Examples

? Importing the Math Module & Constants

import math

print(math.pi)       # 3.141592653589793
print(math.e)        # 2.718281828459045

? Trigonometric Functions (Angles in Radians)

Trigonometric functions in math expect angles in radians, not degrees.

import math

angle = math.pi / 4  # 45 degrees in radians
print(math.sin(angle))   # 0.7071067811865475
print(math.cos(angle))   # 0.7071067811865476
print(math.tan(angle))   # 0.9999999999999999

? Exponential & Logarithmic Functions

import math

print(math.exp(2))        # e^2 ≈ 7.38905609893065
print(math.log(math.e))   # 1.0 (natural log, base e)
print(math.log10(100))    # 2.0 (base 10)
print(math.pow(3, 3))     # 27.0 (always returns float)

? Rounding & Absolute Value

import math

print(math.ceil(4.2))   # 5  (round up)
print(math.floor(4.8))  # 4  (round down)
print(math.fabs(-5.5))  # 5.5 (float absolute value)

? Basic Calculations: Sum, Product, Square Root

import math

nums = [4, 7, 1, 9]
print(math.fsum(nums))   # 21.0 (accurate sum of floats)
print(math.prod(nums))   # 252 (product of numbers)
print(math.sqrt(16))     # 4.0 (square root)

? Angle Conversions

import math

print(math.radians(180))     # 3.141592653589793 (degrees → radians)
print(math.degrees(math.pi)) # 180.0 (radians → degrees)

✅ Special Functions

import math

print(math.factorial(5))      # 120
print(math.gcd(12, 18))       # 6
print(math.isfinite(10/3))    # True
print(math.isinf(math.inf))   # True
print(math.isnan(float("nan")))  # True