? Python Numbers

? Quick Overview

In Python, numbers are a basic data type used for mathematical operations, calculations, and data processing. Python supports three main numeric types: integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers. You can easily convert between these types and use built-in numeric functions to perform common tasks.

? Key Concepts

Integers (int) represent whole numbers like 10, -25.
Floats (float) represent decimal numbers like 3.14, -0.001.
Complex numbers (complex) represent numbers with a real and imaginary part like 2+3j.
You can check the type of any value using the type() function.
You can convert between numeric types using int(), float(), and complex().
Useful built-in functions include abs(), pow(), and round() for common numeric operations.

? Syntax and Theory

Python automatically assigns a numeric type based on the value you write:

x = 5 → x is of type int.
y = 3.14 → y is of type float.
z = 2 + 3j → z is of type complex.

For complex numbers, you can access:

z.real → the real part (as a float).
z.imag → the imaginary part (as a float).

Type conversion allows you to change values from one numeric type to another using constructor functions: int(), float(), and complex().

? Code Examples

? View Example: Basic Number Types

x = 5         # int
y = 3.14      # float
z = 2 + 3j    # complex

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

? View Example: Accessing Complex Parts

z = 2 + 3j
print(z.real)  # 2.0
print(z.imag)  # 3.0

♻️ View Example: Type Conversion

a = float(5)
b = int(4.8)
c = complex(3)

print(a, b, c)

?️ View Example: Useful Numeric Functions

print(abs(-10))       # 10
print(pow(2, 3))      # 8
print(round(3.7))     # 4

? Output and Explanation

? Understanding the Results

For the basic number types example, the output will show: <class 'int'>, <class 'float'>, and <class 'complex'>, confirming the type of each variable.
For the complex number example, z.real gives 2.0 and z.imag gives 3.0, which are the real and imaginary parts of 2+3j.
In the type conversion example, a becomes 5.0 (float), b becomes 4 (int, decimal part removed), and c becomes (3+0j) (complex number with zero imaginary part).
For the numeric functions:
- abs(-10) returns 10 (distance from zero).
- pow(2, 3) returns 8 (2 raised to the power 3).
- round(3.7) returns 4 (nearest integer).

✅ Tips and Best Practices

Use type() often to check what kind of number (int, float, complex) you are working with.
Prefer float when working with division or values that require decimals.
Remember that int() truncates the decimal part (for example, int(4.9) becomes 4, not 5).
Use abs() when you need the magnitude of a number regardless of sign.
pow(x, y) is equivalent to x ** y and can sometimes be clearer to read.

? Try It Yourself

Create a variable with a float value, convert it to int using int(), and print both values.
Create a complex number like 5+2j and print its real and imaginary parts using .real and .imag.
Use pow() to calculate 3**4 and verify the result with manual multiplication.
Experiment with round() on different floats, such as round(3.2), round(3.5), and round(3.8).