← Back to Chapters

Bearer Token Authentication

? Bearer Token Authentication

? Quick Overview

Bearer Token Authentication is a popular security mechanism used in modern APIs. The client sends a token with every request, usually in the HTTP Authorization header, to access secured resources.

? Key Concepts

  • Stateless authentication
  • Access token represents user identity
  • Token sent with every request
  • Commonly used with REST APIs

? Syntax / Theory

The token is included in the request header using the Authorization scheme:

Authorization Header Format:

Authorization: Bearer <token>

? Code Example(s)

? View Code Example
// Sending a Bearer token using JavaScript fetch API
fetch("https://api.example.com/user/profile", {
headers: {
Authorization: "Bearer YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"
}
})
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => console.log(data));

? Live Output / Explanation

Expected Behavior

If the token is valid, the server responds with protected data. If invalid or missing, the server returns 401 Unauthorized.

? Interactive Example / Flow

Typical Bearer Token flow:

  • User logs in with credentials
  • Server issues an access token
  • Client stores token securely
  • Client sends token in Authorization header
  • Server validates token on every request
? Token Flow Simulator
Current State: No Token (Logged Out)
System Simulator ready. Please login to generate a token.

? Use Cases

  • RESTful APIs
  • Single Page Applications (SPA)
  • Mobile app backends
  • Microservices authentication

✅ Tips & Best Practices

  • Always use HTTPS with bearer tokens
  • Set token expiration time
  • Do not store tokens in plain text
  • Use refresh tokens for long sessions

? Try It Yourself

  1. Create a sample API endpoint that checks Authorization header
  2. Generate a dummy token on login
  3. Test secured API using Postman
  4. Remove token and observe 401 error