? PHP Exception Handling

? Quick Overview

PHP Exception Handling allows developers to manage runtime errors gracefully using structured error control mechanisms. Instead of stopping script execution abruptly, exceptions provide a clean way to detect and respond to problems.

? Key Concepts

• try block contains code that may throw an exception
• catch block handles the exception
• throw is used to generate an exception manually
• Exception is the base class for all exceptions

? Syntax & Theory

When an exception is thrown inside a try block, PHP immediately stops executing the remaining code and looks for a matching catch block to handle it.

// General exception handling example
<?php
try {
    $dividend = 10;
    $divisor = 0;
    
    if ($divisor == 0) {
        throw new Exception("Division by zero not allowed.");
    }
    
    $result = $dividend / $divisor;
    echo "Result: " . $result;
}
catch (Exception $e) {
    echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>

? Live Output / Explanation

Since the divisor is zero, an exception is thrown. The catch block captures the exception and displays the error message instead of crashing the script.

? Interactive Concept

You can modify the divisor value and observe how the output changes. Setting a valid divisor will allow the division to complete successfully.

? Use Cases

• Validating user input
• Handling database connection failures
• Managing file read/write errors
• Ensuring API request reliability