? PHP OOP Traits

? Quick Overview

Traits in PHP provide a flexible way to reuse code across multiple classes without using inheritance. They help reduce duplication while keeping class hierarchies clean and simple.

? Key Concepts

• Traits enable horizontal code reuse
• Multiple traits can be used in a single class
• Traits can contain methods, properties, and static methods
• Conflicts can be resolved using insteadof and as

? Syntax & Theory

A trait is declared using the trait keyword and included in a class using the use keyword. Traits cannot be instantiated directly.

? Code Example: Basic Trait Usage

// Defining a Logger trait for reusable logging logic
";
}
}

class User {
use Logger;
public function createUser($name) {
$this->log("User '$name' created.");
}
}

$user = new User();
$user->createUser("Alice");
?>

? Code Example: Using Multiple Traits

// Using multiple traits inside a single class
";
}
}

trait Validator {
public function validateEmail($email) {
return filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) !== false;
}
}

class Admin {
use Logger, Validator;

public function createAdmin($email) {
if ($this->validateEmail($email)) {
$this->log("Admin with email $email created.");
} else {
$this->log("Invalid email: $email");
}
}
}

$admin = new Admin();
$admin->createAdmin("admin@example.com");
$admin->createAdmin("wrong-email");
?>

? Interactive Visualization

?️ Use Cases

• Shared logging functionality
• Validation helpers across models
• Authentication or authorization helpers
• Reusable utility methods