? PHP OOP Abstract Class

? Quick Overview

An abstract class in PHP provides a blueprint for other classes. It defines common methods and forces child classes to implement required behavior.

? Key Concepts

• Abstract classes cannot be instantiated
• Contain abstract and normal methods
• Used to enforce structure across subclasses

? Syntax / Theory

Abstract classes are declared using the abstract keyword. Any method declared abstract must be implemented by child classes.

? Code Example

// Abstract class defining common behavior
abstract class Animal {
// Abstract method to be implemented by child classes
public abstract function makeSound();
// Concrete method shared by all animals
public function sleep() {
echo "Sleeping...";
}
}
// Dog class extending abstract Animal
class Dog extends Animal {
public function makeSound() {
echo "Bark!";
}
}
// Creating object of child class
$dog = new Dog();
$dog->makeSound();
$dog->sleep();

? Live Output / Explanation

? Interactive Concept

Think of an abstract class as a contract. Every child class must agree to implement required methods before it can be used.

? Use Cases

• Framework base classes
• Defining templates for modules
• Ensuring consistent method structure